Significance of Minor Details in F1. Part 2, Steering Wheel!

An old Mercedes F1 steering wheel and a modern one. Picture credit: Mercedes AMG F1

If you have seen a steering wheel of a Formula 1 car, you might have noticed it is more like the one in an airplane than a car. Steering wheels might be the most important and complex piece of equipment in a F1 car, it does a lot more than just pointing the nose of the car in the right direction. 

F1 has come a long way from those round wooden steering wheels. Back in the day F1 cars were focused on one thing, power. More the power the engine generates, faster the car goes. Although cars were powerful, they did not have the technology in other parts to go with it. Standard brakes, standard suspension, no differential, and no electronics. Steering wheels had only one purpose – point the car in the right direction. However, as cars kept evolving with the addition of new technologies more and more settings, that can be changed during the race, were added to the car. These settings helped the teams to set the car up differently for each circuit. It was fairly straight forward to do the setup changes before the race started, but if you really wanted to gain an advantage over other teams the teams needed to find a way to do all those things while driving the car. That is where the development in the steering wheel started to emerge.

Evolution of F1 steering wheel, Picture Credit -  Donut Media

Since F1 steering wheels have somewhere around 180 degrees steering lock, instead on 270 degrees in normal cars, the steering wheels does not have to be in the round shape. F1 steering wheels are more rectangular and feel like the ones they have in the airplanes. In current F1 cars, all the settings that a driver might need are on the steering wheel including the clutch and gear shifters. Only things that are not on the steering wheels are the break and accelerator paddles.

Long gone are the days when it was drivers used to be left with sore arms because of just trying to hold on to the steering wheel let alone actually steering it. Now before every season the grips of the wheel are moulded to perfectly fit in the driver’s hands and all the technology makes it much easier to manoeuvre the wheel. All Formula 1 drivers get at least 3 sets of steering wheels for the whole season, costing around $60,000 each. This is not only because of the number of buttons and electronics embedded into it but also because of the materials used, research that must be put into it and its customised fitting to the drivers. One wheel takes about 80 hours to build. Mechanical designers, electrical designers, wiring technicians and drivers are all involved in the design and build process.

Mercedes F1 steering, Picture credits - Mercedes AMG F1

There are 25 sets of buttons and switches on the steering wheel plus the shift paddles and the clutch of the back side. Five of those buttons are used to change the brake settings; it can change the break balance from front to rear, increase or decrease the amount of engine breaking. Three switches that control the differential, amount of torque transfer between the rear wheels, which can be changed while entering the corner, mid section of the corner and exit of the corner. Then there are buttons for radio, DRS, neutral gear, start functions and one even for the drink. One of the important buttons is the pit lane button that puts the car into pit lane mode to remain in the speed limit. There are also switches to change the engine and fuel settings which are displayed on the screen. Yes, the steering wheel also has a screen. The screen displays most of the setting changes, current gear, engine revs and much more.

Mercedes F1 steering, Picture credits - Mercedes AMG F1


It is fascinating to see how much the steering wheel has changed over the years. Modern F1 drivers have much more control over the car settings and its difficult even to imagine how they are able to all those changes on the steering wheel while driving at 300 km/hours.


                                                                                            Evolution of F1 steering wheel, Credit -  Donut Media






Credits -

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8V4soKKUzSI

https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/en/news/2019/03/how-does-an-f1-steering-wheel-work/

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